When it comes to electric motors, there are countless variations available to choose from. The majority of miniature electric motors either use alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). On top of that, motors not only range in different shapes, sizes and power levels, but can also come in brushless, brushed, permanent magnet, or synchronous designs. All of these variations mean there is a fantastic choice of motors to choose from; therefore, allowing you to find the perfect option for the given application whether for domestic, commercial or industrial applications.
By using an alternating current, an AC Motor turns electrical energy into mechanical for use in a wide range of different applications. AC motors have a wide range of advantages, including needing minimal power during start-up and offering the ability to control acceleration allowing for continuous and reliable speeds. AC motors also do not require brushes so giving additional durability compared to brushed DC motors. AC motors are generally found in applications that need steady and consistent levels of power, such as conveyors.
AC motors can be split into two main categories - synchronous or induction.
A DC motor, short for Direct Current motor, is an electrical device that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical power. It operates based on the principle of Lorentz force, where the interaction between the magnetic field and the electric current produces rotational motion.
A stepping motor, also known as a stepper motor, is a type of electric motor that converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements or steps. Unlike other types of motors that rotate continuously, stepping motors move in precise increments or steps, making them well-suited for applications that require precise position control.
Stepping motors consist of a rotor with teeth or a magnetized structure and a stator with coils or electromagnets. The stator windings are energized sequentially in a controlled manner, generating a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor. By controlling the sequence and timing of the electrical pulses applied to the windings, the rotor moves step by step, either in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
Electric motors come in a variety of sizes and capacities and are produced for different applications. There are two main types of electric motor: AC motors (alternating current) and DC motors (direct current). These are used in the majority of electric motor applications and are adapted to suit the industry and requirements of the product. This can mean that the electric motor can be brushed, brushless, synchronous or even uses permanent magnets.
AC motors use an alternating current to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They only require a low power upon start-up, and they allow for controlled acceleration, which means that they can retain a constant speed and performance. It is these features that make AC motors perfect for applications that require stable use, such as conveyor systems or air conditioning units. These uses don’t require a constant change in speed, meaning that wear and tear on the motor is less prevalent. Couple this with the fact that AC motors don’t have brushes, and you will find that they are a very durable type of electric motor.
Types of AC motors
There are two main types of AC motors, synchronous and induction. In a synchronous AC motor, the rotation of the rotor matches the frequency of the supply current. Therefore, the speed remains constant no matter the load, this makes it ideal for high precision positioning devices such as robotic solutions.
Induction motors are the most common type of AC motor and can be found in anything from lifting equipment to household appliances. They are also known as asynchronous motors because they use electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field in the stator winding, this produces a current in the rotor.
All DC motors use a direct current, DC motors also have good speed control and a high starting torque. This makes them ideal for electric motor applications that need to move heavier loads in a variety of conditions, for example, wiper systems for rail, marine and haulage industries.
From electric shavers to cars, DC motors are used in a variety of applications and there are several different types of DC motors to cater to these applications. Parvalux specialises in custom BLDC motors and PMDC motors.
BLDC motors
DC motors can be bought as a brushed electric motor or as brushless (BLDC motors). As discussed, a brushed motor may require more maintenance, due to the brushes wearing out. However, they are used frequently in applications that require a cheaper solution and are popular in industrial environments.
A brushless electric motor is typically more efficient because speed is not lost due to brushes and it therefore also has a quieter operation. BLDC motors need to be wired to an electronic speed control to enable current to flow to the electromagnets. Hence, they are usually more expensive to purchase.
PMDC motors
Permanent magnet motors (PMDC motors) are another type of DC motor that are commonly found in the healthcare and leisure industries. The main difference between these and other types of electric motors is that the magnetic field is generated in the stator using fixed magnets, as opposed to being created in the stator windings.
PMDC motors are usually smaller than other types of DC motors, making them easy to transport globally and more cost-effective. This means they can be found in all sorts of day-to-day objects, including children’s toys and electric toothbrushes.
The electric motor is vital to countless applications across the globe. Whether you choose an AC or DC motor, there will be a solution to give you the best possible results. Parvalux designs and manufactures electric motors that are innovative and durable, ensuring that your customers’ products are always on the move. Learn more about Parvalux electric motors by getting in touch here: Your local contact – Parvalux